Micronutrients are present in soils in small quantities but play a critical role in plant growth and development. Essential micronutrients such as B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo, and Ni function as catalysts in enzymatic processes, participating in photosynthesis, respiration, reproductive growth, carbohydrate synthesis, and nutrient regulation. Deficiencies in these elements can cause stunted growth, chlorosis, and reduced yield and quality across many crops. Recent agricultural intensification, soil erosion, and reduced organic matter have increased the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, particularly zinc, iron, and boron. The review summarizes the physiological roles, deficiency symptoms, and management strategies for key micronutrients, including foliar and soil application methods, and the use of chelates and banded fertilizers for improved efficiency. The paper emphasizes integrating micronutrient management into sustainable agricultural practices to enhance productivity and food quality.